Bah. The bottom of the stack is quantum mechanics and solid state physics. From there, you learn how individual transistors work. From that, you build up to logic gates.
I actually know something about those levels. But in 25 years as a professional programmer, the lowest level I've ever actually needed to use was at the gate level (PAL equations to generate chip selects by decoding addresses - if it wasn't in a PAL, it would be just equations).
I actually know something about those levels. But in 25 years as a professional programmer, the lowest level I've ever actually needed to use was at the gate level (PAL equations to generate chip selects by decoding addresses - if it wasn't in a PAL, it would be just equations).